Intelligenzminderung Icd 10

Understanding Intellectual Disability: Causes, Diagnosis, and Support

Definition and Symptoms

Intellectual disability, previously known as mental retardation, refers to a condition characterized by delayed or incomplete development of intellectual and adaptive functioning. It affects an individual's ability to learn, reason, and adapt to daily life situations. The most significantly impacted skills are those that emerge during childhood and adolescence, such as problem-solving, communication, and social interaction.

Diagnosis

Intellectual disability is diagnosed based on an assessment of an individual's intellectual and adaptive functioning. This assessment typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including psychologists, educators, and medical professionals. The evaluation considers factors such as the individual's:

• IQ score (usually below 70)
• Adaptive behavior skills (e.g., communication, self-care, socialization)
• Developmental history
• Medical and genetic factors

Types of Intellectual Disability

The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes intellectual disability into several types based on the severity of impairment:

• Mild intellectual disability: IQ range of 55 to 69; individuals may live independently with support
• Moderate intellectual disability: IQ range of 40 to 54; individuals typically need supervised care
• Severe intellectual disability: IQ range of 25 to 39; individuals require extensive support in all areas of life
• Profound intellectual disability: IQ below 25; individuals may have severe physical and intellectual impairments

Causes of Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability can be caused by a wide range of factors, including:

• Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome
• Prenatal factors, such as fetal alcohol syndrome or exposure to toxins
• Perinatal complications, such as premature birth or low birth weight
• Infections or injuries to the brain
• Environmental factors, such as extreme poverty or malnutrition

Treatment and Support

There is no cure for intellectual disability, but early intervention and support can significantly improve an individual's quality of life and functional abilities. Treatment and support strategies include:

• Special education and rehabilitation programs
• Vocational training and job placement
• Residential and community support services
• Assistive technology
• Caregiver support and training

It's crucial to provide individuals with intellectual disabilities with a supportive and inclusive environment that meets their unique needs. By breaking down barriers, providing opportunities, and promoting acceptance, we can empower them to live fulfilling and meaningful lives.

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